firstly, some cases of severe opportunistic infections e.g. pneumocystis carina pneumonia and abnormal neoplasm, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, which can only be seen in severely immunocompromised patients i.e. indefective cell mediated immunity-were found in some previously healthy homosexual individuals in the lack of any known cause of underlying immune defects (such as iatrogenic immunosupression e.g. chemotherapy patients, or malignant neoplasm, or severe malnutrition), this situation was then eventually renowned as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. After finding of HIV virus as the cause of AIDS dissimilar stages of the disease have been described later on, such as a healthy person with seropositive HIV virus at one end of the disease spectrum &severe opportunistic infection or unusual neoplasm like Kaposi’s sarcoma at the other end. In 1987, a meaning of AIDS was described, which included 23 opportunistic infections (such as pneumocystis pneumonia) and unusual neoplasm (like Kaposi’s sarcoma)with loss if weight, diarrhea, dementia and a positive HIV infection, In 1993 CDC (center for disease control and prevention )extended the AIDS definition, and added that, a person with a positive HIV serology and who have ever had a CD4 lymphocyte percentage below 14% is to be considered as a patient of AIDS.
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